The Venus Project Foundation - * Magnetic Levitation or Maglev Propulsion. Magnetic Levitation or Maglev Propulsion.
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Since the discoveries of Nicola Tesla in 1. Magnetic Levitation technology works. We are convinced that Magnetic Levitation systems must be taken further to be used in advanced high demand applications, such as: Propulsion and Power Generation for home and industries.
For over a decade trains in Japan and in China have been using magnetic levitation technology, traveling at speeds upward of 3. The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine, at least not the kind of combustion engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather inconspicuous. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guiding path walls and the track combined to propel the train. The science of magnetic levitation can also be used to create many other devices such as, but not limited to: home power generators, and as you can see at the above quiet engines for automobiles. And since these generators only consume 2.
These scientific facts have been kept secret by criminal elites who own banks, which control and own everything else, including oil companies and all other related industries. Introduction. Maglev systems are becoming a popular application around the globe. Maglev trains are popular in transportation stations in big countries like Germany, China, Japan and the United States of America due to the demand for high- speed transportation, as the general public transportation services become more congested with increase of population. Maglev trains are magnetically levitated trains that traverse in a very high speed, with only electricity being its main source of energy. The train propels forward without any friction from moving mechanical parts.
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It has many advantages with minor drawbacks. The basis of maglev trains mechanisms are magnetic levitation. This is achieved with the principal of repulsion and attraction between two magnetic poles. When two magnets have the same poles, it will repel with each other and when it has different poles, the result would be otherwise. There are currently three known maglev suspension systems. In this project report, we will be covering the basic principals of Electrodynamic Suspension Systems (EDS), Electromagnetic Suspension Systems (EMS) and Inductrack.
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The three suspension systems each have different characteristics and special features. While EDS and EMS both use only the interaction of magnets and superconductors, Inductrack uses coils on the track underneath the train body. All three suspension systems work under the same principal of magnetic levitation covered in this project report. The maglev propulsion systems uses the interaction of stators, superconductors and magnets between the railway and the train. It has controls for speed and direction, which are based on electricity. Magnetic Levitation. Maglev’s levitation is basically based on two simple and fundamental laws of electromagnetic.
Hence it is the relative movement between the coil and the magnet that matters (change in flux cutting the loop). When the magnet is moved toward the loop, the current induced flows in one direction, but when it is moved away, it flows in opposite direction, it indicates that the direction of the current depends on the time rate of change of the field, i. The direction of induced current is further explained by Lenz’s law. LENZ’S LAW: LENZ’S law describes about the direction of current being induced by magnetic field as described in Faraday’s law. It states that: “Induced electromotive force generates a current, which flows in such direction as to induce a counter magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field generating the current”. The induced EMF creates a current that itself creates a secondary magnetic field.
This secondary magnetic field also changes with time and thus creates a changing secondary magnetic flux. The secondary flux changes in such a way to oppose the change in flux creating the EMF. To further understand, consider a coil and permanent magnet as shown in figure. No change in flux means no current induced.
Now consider when the north pole of a permanent magnet is pushed into a loop (Fig b) the flux increases. An upwards secondary magnetic field is created that opposes the downward B- field of the magnet, and thus the current in loop must flow counterclockwise in order to create this secondary B- field. When the magnet is removed from the loop (Fig c), the decreasing B- field in the loop creates a decreasing flux. To oppose this decrease, the current in the loop flows in such a way that tries to sustain the magnetic field.
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The current now has to flow clockwise in order to create a positive secondary flux that tries to counter acts the decreasing flux due to the with drawl of the permanent magnet. How is magnetic levitation achieved? Magnetic levitation can be further understood by considering a current carrying coil.
When current flows through the coil, it induces magnetic field. The change in magnetic field in the coil due to the change in current induces Eddy current in the metal ring, which induces magnetic field, as to oppose the field generating it. There repulsive force of the south- south pole (here) lifts the ring. There are two types of magnetic levitation. Basically both employ same phenomenon, for levitation. In figure a, we have coil wrapped around the iron core, placed over a metal plate.
Now when current flows through the coil, iron core is induced with the magnetic field. This magnetic field as a result induces the magnetic field in the metal, but in opposite direction.
Hence both fields repel each other and iron core is lifted upward. In figure b, we have a permanent magnet instead of iron core. When magnetic flux is changed by moving the magnet, it induces the magnetic field in the metal plate. Thus both methods can be used to achieve levitation. Maglev Suspension Systems. Electromagnetic Suspensions. The electromagnetic suspension EMS uses attractive force system to levitate.
The train’s levitation magnet will be attracted to the conductors on the underside of the guideway. The attractive force between them will overcome the gravitational force. This will in turn levitates the train on the track. The guidance magnets on the other hand guides the train so that the side of the track will not have contact with the train, creating friction and damages the train.
The guidance magnets will also guide the train so that it will follow the direction of the guideway track. From the figure above, we can see that the train is wrapped around the track. Because of this, the EMS train is a safer train and comfortable. The regulated levitation of the train makes the train levitates even when traveling at low speed.
The magnetic field intensity inside the passenger compartment is also small so it is safe for passengers with pacemakers or passengers carrying magnetic storage such as credit card or hard disk. Its intensity is comparable to the earth's magnetic field and far below the field intensity of a hair dryer, an electric drill or a sewing machine. In the event of a power failure, the EMS maglev train is equipped with an emergency battery power supply so that the maglev train will not crash onto the guideway. The most successful EMS maglev train so far is called the Transrapid system and it is currently being used by the Mag. Lev in Shanghai, China.
It is also being used in Germany. Electrodynamic Suspension. The electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train has been developed by Japanese engineers.
It uses magnets that has same polarity (refer to figure above) to create repulsive force between levitation magnet and guideway magnet. This repulsive force then will be high enough to overcome gravitational force and allows it to levitate. The main difference between EDS maglev train and EMS maglev train is that EDS maglev train use super- cooled, superconducting electromagnets. This superconducting electromagnet can conduct electricity even after the power supply has been shut off for example in the event of a blackout.
In the EMS system, which uses standard electromagnets, the coils only conduct electricity when a power supply is present. By chilling the coil at frigid temperatures, Japan’s EDS system saves energy. However, the cryogenic system uses to cool the coils can be expensive.
One potential drawback in using the EDS system is that maglev trains must roll on rubber tires until they reach a liftoff speed of about 6. Past the liftoff speed, the train will levitate and the rubber tires will no longer in contact with the guideway. However, Japanese engineer say that the wheels are an advantage if a power failure caused a shutdown of the system. The EDS train is impressively capable to levitate nearly 4 inches (1. Since EDS train will induce a high intensity magnetic field, the passenger section of the train will have to be shielded from the magnetic field or else it will be dangerous for passengers with pacemakers and damages magnetic data storage such as credit cards and hard drives. Inductrack. The inductrack is a newer type of EDS that uses permanent room- temperature magnets to produce the magnetic fields insted of powered electromagnets or cooled superconducting magnets.
Permanent magnets had not been used before because scientists thought that they would not create enough levitating force. The Inductrack design bypasses this problem by arranging the magnets in a Halbach array. The magnets are configured so that the intensity of the magnetic field concentrates above the array instead of below it. They are made from a newer material comprising a neodymium- iron- boron alloy, which generates a higher magnetic field. The track is actually an array of electrically- shorted circuits containing insulated wire. In one design, these circuits are aligned like rungs in a ladder.